assignment to share

Task 11

A.  Identify a research area and prepare the diagram

I want to conduct a study in the area of patients satisfaction toward nurse caring attitudes

Step 1

Identify

Nurses Caring Attitude

Step 2

Dissert

1. Statistic of  patients satisfaction to the nurses in UKM Medical Centre 2. The nursing caring attitude 4. The causes of patients satisfaction 5. The impact of nurses caring attitude to the patients 6. The impact of patients satisfaction to the nurses, organization and nursing profesion

Step 3

Select

Patients satisfaction toward nurses caring attitude

Step 4

Raise questions

1. What is the level of patients satisfaction toward nurses caring attitude ? 2. What is the nurses caring attitude for patients most rewarding ? 3. What is the nurses caring attitude  least satisfying to the patient?  4. How demographic factors can influence the level of patient satisfaction for        nurses caring attitude

Step 5

Formulate objectives

Main objectives To assess the patient satisfaction toward nurse caring attitudes in Nephrology ward, UKM Medical Centre. Specific objectives 1. To assess  the level of patient satisfaction for nurses caring attitude 2. To identify the nurses caring attitude for patients most rewarding 3. To identify the nurses caring attitude  least satisfying to the patient 4.To  identify the demographic relationship with the level of patient satisfaction  toward     nurses caring attitude

B. Discussion on four issues in step 6

Step 6

Asses these objective in the light of:

Cited in Bureau of Reclamation (2012), the objectives  that  the researcher set will drive the action and the solution. As such, they will define limits, help establish priorities, and identify time schedule and  funding  requirements. In addition, once formed, objectives anchor the course of the process. The research objectives must be logic, measurable, achievable and must have time frame.

1. The work involve

To write out clear objectives, the researcher need information about the background of a problem. To prove the research problems, the researcher will do the literature review from the articles, journals and others research on patient satisfaction toward nurses caring attitude. This is to see whether the same problem also occurs in other organizations and how they overcome the problem. Literature review was also conducted to see the methodologies used by other researchers. A theoretical framework can be thought of as a map or travel plan (Sinclair M. , 2007).

To strengthen the evidence of the problems occurring in the UKM Medical Centre, patient satisfaction statistics for nurses caring attitude will be obtained. Statistics on the number of patients who come for treatment in Nephrology ward in a year also will collected. Researchers will get a list of nurse job descriptions in the study area to see the nursing workload which may influence their attitude towards patient care. List of patient activities in the study area will also be reviewed, including observations of ward environment and facilities in the ward that may be contributing to the problem statement. In addition the researcher  also will seek feedback by interview from patients about the attitude of nurses caring to them.

After the researcher get the evidences about the research problem, the next step is to plan the suitable research design, selection of sample, type of instrument, the procedure and how the findings were interpreted.

Look into the objectives, the researcher plan to do quantitative, non-experimental cross-sectional survey. Questionnaire will be use in collecting the data from the patients. To analyze the data, the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) will be used.

2. The time available to you

Good research has a clear long term plan. A schedule establishes the timeline of tasks and responsibility. To achieve all the objectives that have been built, a plan was made. Plan contains a list of all the activities undertaken and the date of the tenure of an activity. The researcher build the  Gantt chart as a time guidance. The example of Gantt chart as below:-

Research title:	PATIENTS SATISFACTION TOWARD NURSES CARING ATTITUDE
m	Jan 2013				Feb 2013				March 2013				April 2013				May 2013
WEEKS	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2	3	4	1	2
Preparing the research proposal
Application from ethic committee
Pilot study
Data Collection					5/2/
Data analysis								2
Writing research finding
Submission of project report book														13
Research presentation																23

3. The financial resources at researcher disposal.

Financial resources is the one of the important things in research other than human resources, information resources and equipment resources.

Researchers use the money when making purchases of such stationery, paper and gifts for the participants involved in the research. To do research at UKM Medical Centre, researchers will apply for funds or research grants at the university. In making the application of research through ethics committees, the budget presentation applications are included.

Examples of the application budget for research grants from the UKM is shown in table 1.

1. PROJECTED BUDGET       PERIOD: January 2013 to May  2013		UNIT PRIZE	UNITS	TOTAL IN RM
PERSONNEL COMPENSATION
Statistician		RM500.00		RM500.00
Consolation participants		Rm200.00		Rm200.00
EQUIPMENT
	Computers	Rm1800.00	1	Rm1800.00
	Ink cartridges	Rm 100.00	1	Rm 100.00
OTHER DIRECT COSTS
	Printing & copying	RM 100.00		RM 100.00
	Stationery	RM 200.00		RM200.00
	Total			Rm2900.00

4. The researcher (and the researcher supervisor’s) technical expertise in the area.

Expertise consists of those characteristics, skill and knowledge of the person (Germain, 2009).

To conduct research in nursing, the researchers and research supervisors are technical experts which having experience and expertise in the field of nursing and patient handling.

 Technical expertise is required in structuring research questions and ensure the validity and reliability. The other duties of technical experts is managing the to ensure the research to be completed within the time specified, the compiler program planning and research areas as well as research sample management, and ensure the distribution of questionnaires smoothly. Expertise is also needed to manage the data until the process of preparing research reports.

C.  Convince by providing supporting evidences for the four statements stated in Step 7

STEP 7

1.  The researcher  are really interested in the study.

Researcher interested in conducting research for several reasons. The first factor is researcher is a nurse at UKM Medical Centre that provides nursing services to the patients. Through experience, patients expect nurses to concerned about their problems. As a Head Nurse, verbal and written complaints are always received  regarding nurses caring attitude but there was also praise received from patients. Therefore through this study, the researcher will be able to determine patient satisfaction and will streamline strategies to increase patient satisfaction toward nurses caring attitude.

The second factor that led the researcher to do this topic is by reading the articles and studies conducted by other researchers on patient satisfaction for nurses caring attitude. Noraini (2007), in her study cited from Schreiber (1999), stated the nurse is a key factor to overall patient satisfaction in hospitals when getting services. Gonzalez-Valentin et. al. (2005), also said customer satisfaction was an important indicator in measuring quality of care and health care institutions. Patient opinion is important because dissatisfaction suggests opportunities for change. McColl et al. al. (1996), in a study of patient satisfaction for the patient experience in hospital services in the United Kingdom found that the overall scores for the experience of nursing and patient satisfaction is high. However, if viewed from a more specific components of care, there is a decrease to the level of satisfaction in the overall readiness and observation by the nurses and the process of disseminating information.

2. That you agree with the objectives

Researchers agree with the objectives based on literature review.

The first objective is:

 “To assess  the level of patient satisfaction for nurses caring attitude”

According to Gina (2007), American Nurses Association (1995) says the nurse and patient satisfaction of care have been identified as an outcome in which the nurse-sensitive and must be measured and observed in the acute care where nursing care is given. Lluiis Bohigas (1995), supports the measure, saying that as a result, satisfaction is not only useful for the study and the provision of quality health care but also as a health care service evaluation suggested the possibility of change. Bartu, (1996), Satisfaction contains both cognitive and emotional responses to the component of providing care and services. It is the individual subjective perception and is closely linked to individual expectations about the care and services. When expectations are not met, patient satisfaction will be low.

The second and  third objective are:

“To identify the nurses caring attitude for patients most rewarding”

“To identify the nurses caring attitude  least satisfying to the patient”

Baldursdottirr, and Jonsdittir (2002), in their study found 10 most important nurse caring behavior expected by the patient. Patients give high scores to the nurses know what they do, the nurse know when the appropriate time to call the doctor, nurses know the procedure how to explain such medicinal injection procedures before making medication, the nurse knows how to operate the equipment in the environment, nurses say questions posed by patients and family members with a clear, confident, and scientific, nurses treat patients as individuals, nurses and medication in a timely manner, nurses good and the final compromise and nurse check the patient's condition closely. Based on the 10 nurses caring attitude, the attitude of nurses know what they did record the highest score. This result is also supported by previous research in which five patients expect nurses to know what they do. In this study also found that the lowest score of 10 nurses caring attitude are regarded as reliable by the patient. The attitude of nurses interact concern is about life outside the hospital, touching the patient when the patient needs comfort, praised the ability of patients, nurses know when patients feel adequacy for example to limit visitors, nurses understand the feelings of patients, nurses are sensitive to the emotions and feelings of patients, nurses ask patients how things should be done, nurses encourage patients to talk about what they feel, nurses assist in the planning when the patient is out of the hospital and nurses encourage patients to believe themselves.

The fourth objective is:

 “To  identify the demographic relationship with the level of patient satisfaction  toward   nurses caring attitude”

According to Noraini (2007) in her study, Vouri (1987) stated that patient satisfaction depends on many criteria such as gender, age, education level and economic status of patients. Horst, and Elizebert (1995),  stated that Theory of Psychology Erikson has stated that age can influence the level of satisfaction in one's life. The study of Kaldenberg and Becker (1999), said they could not find the relationship between customer satisfaction with patient demographic study compared with Uzun (2001), who says there is a relationship between level of education, age, sex and type of clinical treatment.

3. Adequate resources

To carry out this research, the most important resources are human resources, financial resources and equipment resources.

UKM Medical Centre is an institution that promotes research activities. This refers to the Mission of UKM Medical Center :

“ Pusat Perubatan UKM beriltizam untuk mencapai kecemerlangan dalam perkhidmatan, pendidikan dan penyelidikan di samping menyediakan kemudahan perubatan yang moden, canggih dan kos efektif.”

Researcher as UKM Medical Centre staff will get various facilities required in the research process at UKM Medical Centre.

Human resources

Human resource is a person who will be involved directly in this research. Researcher decided to make an individual and independence research. Researchers will manage the distribution of questionnaires and get it back. A statistical experts have been identified to assist in the analysis. Total population and the sample are sufficient throughout the study carried out based on monthly statistics of patients in the ward Nephrology.

Financial resources

Researcher will apply for UKM Medical Centre research grants to cover the cost of research. Financial resources will be used to buy essentials such as stationery,  paper and Consolation participants.

Equipment resources

Equipment resources needed to conduct research such as photocopy machine, printer and computer. After getting the research permission, researcher will use the  equipment resources  provide by the UKM Medical Centre.

4. That you have the technical expertise to undertake the study

Researcher have the technical skills to conduct research because researcher did carry out the various research previously. Researcher know how to manage computers and programs like Microsoft Word, Excel and SPSS. Researchers also know how to search information via the internet or the library.

Before start the research program, researcher have completed a course of Research Statistics. Knowledge and skills will be used to plan and organize the structure of questionnaires, test the reliability and validity of the questions and  analyzing  the data.

Researcher also have the Clinical Good Practice Certificate(GCP). Good Clinical Research Practice (GCP) is a process that incorporates established ethical and scientific quality standards for the design, conduct, recording and reporting of clinical research involving the participation of human subjects. Compliance with GCP provides public assurance that the rights, safety, and well-being of research subjects are protected and respected, consistent with the principles enunciated in the Declaration of Helsinki and other internationally recognized ethical guidelines, and ensures the integrity of clinical research data (World Health Organization, 2005).